3.3 Receive Windows
- Following each uplink transmission the end-device opens two short receive windows. The
 - receive window start times are defined using the end of the transmission as a reference.
 
22
- See the LoRa radio transceiver datasheet for a description of LoRa radio packet implicit/explicit modes.
 - This specification does not describe the transmission of multicast messages from a network server to many end-devices.
 - No payload integrity check is done at this level to keep messages as short as possible with minimum impact on any duty-cycle limitations of the ISM bands used.
 
©2016 LoRa™ Alliance Page 11 of 70
The authors reserve the right to change specifications without notice.
LoRaWAN Specification
| 1 | |
|---|---|
| 2 | Figure 4: End-device receive slot timing. | 
3.3.1 First receive window channel, data rate, and start
- The first receive window RX1 uses a frequency that is a function of the uplink frequency and
 
5 a data rate that is a function of the data rate used for the uplink. RX1 opens
- RECEIVE_DELAY11 seconds (+/- 20 microseconds) after the end of the uplink modulation.
 - The relationship between uplink and RX1 slot downlink data rate is region specific and
 - detailed in the LoRaWAN Regional Parameters document [PARAMS]. By default the first
 - receive window datarate is identical to the datarate of the last uplink.
 
3.3.2 Second receive window channel, data rate, and start
- The second receive window RX2 uses a fixed configurable frequency and data rate and
 - opens RECEIVE_DELAY21 seconds (+/- 20 microseconds) after the end of the uplink
 - modulation. The frequency and data rate used can be modified through MAC commands
 - (see Section 5).The default frequency and data rate to use are region specific and detailed
 - in the LoRaWAN Regional Parameters document [PARAMS].
 
3.3.3 Receive window duration
- The length of a receive window must be at least the time required by the end-device‘s radio
 - transceiver to effectively detect a downlink preamble.
 
3.3.4 Receiver activity during the receive windows
- If a preamble is detected during one of the receive windows, the radio receiver stays active
 
21 until the downlink frame is demodulated. If a frame was detected and subsequently
- demodulated during the first receive window and the frame was intended for this end-device
 - after address and MIC (message integrity code) checks, the end-device does not open the
 - second receive window.
 
3.3.5 Network sending a message to an end-device
- If the network intends to transmit a downlink to an end-device, it will always initiate the
 - transmission precisely at the beginning of one of those two receive windows.
 
1 RECEIVE_DELAY1 and RECEIVE_DELAY2 are described in Chapter 6.
©2016 LoRa™ Alliance Page 12 of 70
The authors reserve the right to change specifications without notice.
LoRaWAN Specification
3.3.6 Important notice on receive windows
- An end-device shall not transmit another uplink message before it either has received a
 - downlink message in the first or second receive window of the previous transmission, or the
 - second receive window of the previous transmission is expired.
 
3.3.7 Receiving or transmitting other protocols
- The node may listen or transmit other protocols or do any transactions between the
 - LoRaWAN transmission and reception windows, as long as the end-device remains
 - compatible with the local regulation and compliant with the LoRaWAN specification.
 
©2016 LoRa™ Alliance Page 13 of 70
The authors reserve the right to change specifications without notice.
LoRaWAN Specification